Effect of feeding grape seed Proanthocyanidin extract on production performance, metabolic and anti-oxidative status of dairy cattle / Efeito da alimentação do extrato de semente de uva Proanthocyanidin sobre o desempenho da produção e o status metabólico e antioxidante de gado leiteiro

Aims to investigate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on production performance, metabolism, and anti-oxidative status of Holstein dairy cattle in early lactation. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to four groups (CON, G20, G40 and G80) and supplied with 0, 20, 40, and 80mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day. G20 significantly increased milk yield compared with other groups. Milk protein and non-fat-solids were increased in G20, G40 and G80 groups compared with the control group only at the 7th day during the experiment. No significant difference was observed in milk fat and somatic cell count, nor on parameters of energy metabolism in blood, liver function and kidney function between the four groups. There was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and hydrogen peroxide between the groups; but the malondialdehyde content of G20 significantly increased at day 14 in comparison with CON, and tended to increase at the 28th day. In conclusion, feeding 20mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day was associated with a significant increase in milk yield without detrimental effects on liver or kidney function and with substantial energy metabolism and antioxidant parameters improvement in early lactation dairy cattle.(AU)

O presente trabalho visa investigar os efeitos do extrato de semente de uva Proanthocyanidin (GSPE) sobre o desempenho da produção, o metabolismo e o status antioxidante de gado leiteiro Holstein em lactação precoce. Quarenta e oito vacas leiteiras multíparas Holstein foram divididas em quatro grupos (CON, G20, G40 e G80) e receberam 0, 20, 40 e 80mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia, respectivamente. O G20 aumentou significativamente o rendimento do leite em comparação com os outros grupos. A proteína e os sólidos não gordurosos do leite foram aumentados nos grupos G20, G40 e G80 somente no sétimo dia durante a experiência. Não foi observada diferença significativa na gordura do leite e na contagem de células somáticas, bem como nos parâmetros de metabolismo energético no sangue, na função hepática e na função renal entre os grupos em relação ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa na glutationa peroxidase, na dimutase de superóxido, na capacidade antioxidante total e no peróxido de hidrogênio entre os grupos, mas o conteúdo malondialdeído do G20 aumentou significativamente no dia 14 em comparação com o CON, e tendia a aumentar no dia 28. Em conclusão, a alimentação de 20mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia foi associada a um aumento significativo no rendimento do leite, sem efeitos nocivos sobre a função hepática ou a renal, com o metabolismo de energia substancial e a melhoria dos parâmetros antioxidantes de gado leiteiro no início da lactação.(AU)

Prehospital response to respiratory distress by the public ambulance system in a Ukrainian city / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND@# The capability of the public ambulance system in Ukraine to address urgent medical complaints in a prehospital environment is unknown. Evaluation using reliable sources of patient data is needed to provide insight into current treatments and outcomes.@*METHODS@# We obtained access to de-identified computer records from the emergency medical services (EMS) dispatch center in Poltava, a medium-sized city in central Ukraine. Covering a fivemonth period, we retrieved data for urgent calls with a patient complaint of respiratory distress. We evaluated ambulance response and treatment times, field diagnoses, and patient disposition, and analyzed factors related to fatal outcomes.@*RESULTS@#Over the five-month period of the study, 2,029 urgent calls for respiratory distress were made to the Poltava EMS dispatch center. A physician-led ambulance typically responded within 10 minutes. Seventy-seven percent of patients were treated and released, twenty percent were taken to hospital, and three percent died in the prehospital phase. On univariate analysis, age over 60 and altered mental status at the time of the call were strongly associated with a fatal outcome.@*CONCLUSION@# The EMS dispatch center in a medium-sized city in Ukraine has adequate organizational infrastructure to ensure that a physician-led public ambulance responds rapidly to complaints of respiratory distress. That EMS system was able to manage most patients without requiring hospital admission. However, a prehospital fatality rate of three percent suggests that further research is warranted to determine training, equipment, or procedural needs of the public ambulance system to manage urgent medical conditions.

Experiencia clínica prospectiva con glimepirida en pacientes con Diábetes Mellitus tipo 2 en Venezuela / Prospective clinical experience with Glimipiride tolerance in patient with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Venezuela

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia y tolerancia de glimepirida en pacientes con diagnóstico de Diábetes Mellitus tipo 2 en Venezuela. Mediante un estudio multicéntrico abierto, no randomizado, prospectivo, de Glimepirida en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Dosis de inicio: 1 mg de glimepirida, de acuerdo a las respuesta se aumenta la dosis en 1 mg cada 2 semanas hasta alcanzar una glicemia en ayunas menor o igual a 140 mg/dl. El período total de observación fue de 12 semanas. Se realizó un control cada dos semanas. Se estudió una muestra de 258 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 que no estaban controlados adecuadamente con dieta, ejercicios y/o tratamiento hipoglicemiante, quienes recibieron glimepirida por primera vez o cambiaron su tratamiento a glimepirida. Todos los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba T de Student con dos colas. Se consideró resultado estadísticamente significativo a los valores de p<0.05 en lo que se refiere a disminución de glicemia por cada consulta. Al inicio del estudio la glicemia en ayunas se encontraba en valores de 225,55 ñ 67 mg/dl. Al término del estudio la glicemia obtenida fue 127,80 ñ 42 mg/dl. La glicemia disminuyo en promedio un 44 por ciento luego de 12 semanas de tratamiento. 93 por ciento de casos lograron control adecuado de la glicemia. No se presentaron efectos secundarios en 91 por ciento de los casos. Ocurrieron reacciones adversas en 21 pacientes (9 por ciento de los casos), de los cuales 11 casos corresponden a episodios de hipoglicemia. La hipoglicemia fue leve o moderada en todos los casos no ameritando hospitalización. Glimepirida demostró eficacia terapéutica al disminuir los niveles de glicemia en ayunas a valores menores o iguales a 140 mg/dl en el 79,53 por ciento de los pacientes, significativo estadísticamente, con un excelente perfíl de seguridad (91 por ciento de los casos no reportaron efectos secundarios